Structural Method Principles

Detailed examination of Structural Method principles, procedures, and practical applications

structural-method teaching-methods linguistic-patterns language-structures

4. STRUCTURAL METHOD

Introduction

The Structural Method is based on the principles of structural linguistics. It views language as a system of structures and emphasizes the systematic presentation of language patterns. This method focuses on the form and organization of language elements.

Philosophical Foundation

The structural method is based on the principle that:

  • Language is a system of structures
  • Each structure has its own pattern
  • These patterns can be learned through systematic practice
  • Form should precede meaning in language learning

Key Features

  1. Systematic Presentation: Language structures are presented in a logical sequence
  2. Pattern Practice: Emphasis on drilling structural patterns
  3. Substitution Exercises: Learning through substitution within patterns
  4. Transformation Drills: Converting one pattern to another
  5. Structural Analysis: Breaking down language into component structures

Teaching Procedures

  1. Presentation of Structure: New pattern is presented with clear examples
  2. Explanation: Brief explanation of the structural pattern
  3. Imitation: Students repeat the pattern exactly
  4. Substitution: Students practice substituting elements in the pattern
  5. Transformation: Students convert patterns from one form to another
  6. Free Practice: Students use the structure in new contexts

Advantages

  • Provides systematic approach to grammar
  • Ensures thorough practice of structures
  • Develops accuracy in language use
  • Offers clear progression for learners
  • Builds strong grammatical foundation

Disadvantages

  • May be mechanical and boring
  • Limited focus on communication
  • Emphasis on form over meaning
  • May not develop fluency
  • Rigid approach to language learning

Role of Teacher

  • Presents structures systematically
  • Provides clear models for imitation
  • Conducts pattern drills effectively
  • Corrects errors immediately
  • Monitors student progress

Role of Student

  • Listens carefully to structural patterns
  • Imitates models accurately
  • Participates actively in drills
  • Practices structures systematically
  • Focuses on accuracy

Materials Used

  • Structural syllabi
  • Pattern drill books
  • Substitution tables
  • Transformation exercises
  • Audio materials for drilling

Evaluation

The Structural Method has contributed significantly to language teaching by:

  • Emphasizing the importance of structure in language
  • Providing systematic approach to grammar teaching
  • Influencing modern teaching materials
  • Contributing to the development of other methods

However, its limitations led to the development of more communicatively oriented approaches that balance structure with meaning and communication.

Next: The Audio-Lingual Method